Novice monks in saffron robes walking past a Khmer pagoda hall in the Mekong Delta

Understand · Communities

Four communities, one delta

The delta is home to the Kinh majority and to three communities with long roots here: the Khmer, the Hoa and the Cham. Who they are, where you meet them, and how to visit their pagodas, halls and mosques without becoming the kind of visitor they would rather not have.

Who lives here

Most people in the delta are Kinh, the ethnic Vietnamese majority, whose settlement of the lower Mekong grew over the last few centuries. Alongside them live three communities that visitors meet often. The figures below are national totals from the 2019 census; each community is spread unevenly, and the Khmer are the group the national press describes as having its heartland in the delta.

Community2019 census, all VietnamWhere you meet them in the deltaPlaces of worship
Kinh82,085,826Everywhere: towns, rice country, the river tradePagodas, communal houses, temples of popular religion
Khmer1,319,652Coastal band from Tra Vinh through Soc Trang to Bac Lieu; border hills of An GiangTheravada pagodas
Hoa749,466Market towns such as Soc Trang and Can ThoAssembly halls and temples
Cham178,948Villages across the Hau River from Chau DocMosques

Sources: 2019 census totals (General Statistics Office), as tabulated on Wikipedia; Báo Nhân Dân, ethnic groups section: the Khmer · checked .

The Khmer

For the Khmer, the delta is home ground: the national newspaper's ethnic-groups section describes it as their heartland, with settlements inland, along the coast from Tra Vinh to Bac Lieu, and in the hills near the Cambodian border in An Giang and Kien Giang. Their faith is Theravada Buddhism, and the pagoda is the centre of village life: school, meeting place, home for monks and novices, and the setting for the festivals of Chôl Chnăm Thmây, Sene Dolta and Ok Om Bok.

In Soc Trang you can visit pagodas such as Kh'leang, the Bat pagoda, Sa Lon and Som Rong; near Tra Vinh, Chua Ang beside the Ao Ba Om pond. See the Soc Trang and Ben Tre coast pages.

Sources: Báo Nhân Dân, ethnic groups section: the Khmer; Mia.vn, 8 July 2024; Wikipedia (Vietnamese), Ao Bà Om · checked .

The Hoa

The Hoa are Vietnam's citizens of Chinese descent. In the delta's market towns their presence shows in assembly halls such as the Ong pagoda on the Can Tho riverfront, in shop houses, and in food: bánh pía, the flaky pastry of Soc Trang, was brought by Chinese migrants. Visiting a Hoa hall is straightforward — they are usually open to visitors who behave quietly — and it is a good place to talk about trade, because merchant families and associations built many of them.

Sources: VnExpress, 27 October 2023; Vinpearl food guide, 18 January 2023 · checked .

The Cham

The delta has its own Cham Muslim communities, around Chau Doc. The national tourism authority points visitors to the villages of Chau Giang and Chau Phong across the Hau River, with their mosques and stilt houses. The Mubarak mosque there was first built in 1750 and rebuilt in 1922, and is the only mosque in An Giang ranked a national relic. Some Cham villages, such as Da Phuoc, have hosted visitors as community tourism since 1992.

See the Chau Doc page.

Sources: Vietnam National Authority of Tourism, Châu Đốc page; Mia.vn, 9 July 2026 · checked .

How to visit with respect

At a Khmer pagoda

  • Cover shoulders and knees; remove shoes before entering a hall
  • Do not touch monks or hand things directly to a monk if you are a woman; ask your guide how to offer something
  • Ask before photographing monks, novices or ceremonies; accept a no
  • Leave a donation in the box if you wish; do not hand money to children

At a mosque

  • Long sleeves and long trousers or skirts for everyone; a headscarf for women in prayer areas
  • Avoid prayer times, especially Friday midday; your guide will check
  • Do not enter the prayer hall unless invited
  • Ask before photographing people, and especially women

In a village or at a farm

  • Go with a guide who has asked in advance; do not walk into yards uninvited
  • Buy something or pay the agreed contribution rather than handing out gifts
  • Ask questions as questions, not judgements: "Why did you choose this?" rather than "Isn't that bad?"
  • Remember that a family's time is the most valuable thing they give you

Where the trips meet each community

TripCommunities metWhere
Delta Study ProgrammeKinh, Cham, Hoa; Khmer in the Soc Trang variantCan Tho, Chau Giang, Sam Mountain; or Soc Trang
Water and SaltKinh, KhmerBen Tre, Tra Vinh
Trade on the WaterKinh, HoaCai Rang, Ong pagoda in Can Tho
How the Delta Feeds VietnamKinhRice country and orchards around Can Tho

We do not run trips centred on staying with a family, and we do not stage performances for visitors. The meetings on our trips are conversations during people's ordinary working day, arranged and paid for fairly.

Common questions

Questions travellers ask most

Is it appropriate to visit a pagoda as a non-Buddhist?

Yes. Khmer pagodas are generally open to respectful visitors. Dress modestly, remove shoes in the halls and ask before photographing.

Can we attend a Khmer festival?

Often, as quiet guests. Festival dates follow the lunar calendar and change each year; tell us your dates and we check.

Do people mind being asked about their lives?

Most people are generous when asked politely and given a reason. The guide explains who you are and why you are asking. If someone is busy or prefers not to talk, we move on.

Where are the Cham villages?

Across the Hau River from Chau Doc, at Chau Giang and Chau Phong, reached by a short boat crossing.

Communities of the delta

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